Katakana Analysis (Draft)

    The use of Katakana as a representation of foreign words is quite common and straightforward. However, there are some Japan-originated words that are written in Katakana. Here we are mainly going to discuss how Katakana is sometimes used to represent words that should have been written in Hiragana or Kanji.

    The first sample is from a manga magazine called "Jump", which is well advertized in the anime Gintama. In the sample the word "manga", which is usually "漫画" in Kanji, is instead written in Katakana.  Tatsumi Sensei mentioned that many young Japanese people use borrowed words in daily life even though some words exists in traditional Japanese because they think it is fashionable and fun. Therefore, it is very reasonable to think that they use Katakana here to represent the English word "manga" (which probably comes from the Japanese word) in order to give the advertisement a modern and fashionable feeling. 

        The second sample is the cover of a book that talks about the surprising difference between Japanese people in the western part and those in the eastern part. On the top, the word "びっくり", meaning "surprise", is also written in Katakana. From its pronunciation we can easily tell that this is not an English word. In fact, it is a Japanese word and is written as "吃驚" in Kanji. 
In the corner of the advertisement, the word "こちら", meaning "here", is also written in Katakana. The reason of using Katakana here becomes obvious when we notice the exclamation mark right after the word. Katakana here might simply play a role similar to the all-capital-letter word "SURPRISE!" Writing this ビックリ in Katakana can to some extent reinforce the exclamative tone as well as the feeling of "surprise" itself. A similar example of this is in the corner of the first sample. "コチラ" is like "HERE!" in English, making itself more eye-catchy.

        The third sample is on the label of a facial cleanser. On the top of this label, there is "ニキビ", written as "面皰" in Kanji and meaning "pimple" or "acne".  Instead of making the word more fashionable or more eye-catchy, the usage of Katakana here seems to make the word more subtle. Acne and pimple are often considered ugly and dirty. Therefore, instead of writing the word in Kanji, which gives people a straightforward feeling of "facial defect", writing it in Katakana make the reader feel like the producers are whispering the word to the customers and trying not to embarrass them. In this way, using Katakana here makes the label more subtle and polite.

    In the three examples above, we see different functions Katakana has in changing the tones under different circumstances:  to make the word look fashionable and modern, to strengthen the exclamation, and to make words more subtle and polite.

      Aside from representing loanwords and sounds, the handout sensei gave us only mentioned the function of Katakana to represent the words the writer wishes to emphasize, examples of which are the “コチラ” in the first example and the “ビックリ” in the second. The textbooks did not mention that Katakana is also used to express special feelings or manners of speaking or just to look fashionable. I believe the reason for the textbooks not doing this is that the functions of Katakana in the samples above might be very arbitrary and specific and therefore harder to be generalized into one or two rules. There should be a lot more ways of using Katakana that we could only learn by really speaking and using Japanese in our daily life.